It is against the Road Traffic Act to set up an encampment on the highway that includes lay-bys and roadside verges. Defining what constitutes an emcampment at present is a minefield.
Information supplied by Cumbria County Council
Wildcamping/Wildparking – Unauthoriesed encampments
On Highways land
On Highways land there is no provision to authorise encampments on public highways. All encampments will be deemed obstructions and therefore ‘not allowed’. The Highways Act allows for removal of unauthorised obstructions.
Common law rights to recover land from trespassers are also available to local authorities over land they occupy.
Local authorities can take action as landowners through civil actions against trespass using Civil Procedure Rules Part 55, heard in a County Court.
Local authorities have powers given by the Criminal Justice and Public Order 1994 ss77 and 78. These require cases to be brought in the Magistrates' Court.
DoE Circular 18/94 provides guidance to local authorities on the exercise of s77 powers
Police can also use their powers under s61 of the CJPOA, but again only in exceptional circumstances
Regarding other unauthorised encampments( ie. on private land) there is no specific legislative duty placed on local authorities to deal with unauthorised encampments.
Private land
On private land where an encampment is established with the consent of the landowner, District Councils may take planning enforcement action, or prosecute for running a caravan site without a site license.
The Police have parallel powers granted by s61 of the CJPOA. Action under s61 is normally much quicker than under s77, and the welfare considerations less onerous
Police Powers
The Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003 added s61A and 62A into the CJPOA which give Police enhanced eviction powers in circumstances where there are suitable pitches on relevant sites to accommodate the caravans affected.
Measures for Enforcing against Pollution, Littering and Fly-Tipping
Water Resources Act 1991 (as amended by the Environment Act 1995) gives the Environment Agency powers to prosecute those found illegally depositing waste into controlled waters and causing a pollution offence.
Environmental Protection Act 1990 (as amended by the Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005) makes fly-tipping a criminal offence with a maximum penalty of a £20,000 fine and/or imprisonment up to 6 months (unlimited fine or imprisonment of up to 5 years if convicted at a Crown Court). The Government has asked the Environment Agency to vigorously prosecute any person found to be illegally disposing of waste, where they have evidence. The waste collection authority and the Environment Agency may remove fly-tipped waste and recover costs from those responsible for causing the offence. The Environment Agency has set up an emergency telephone hotline (0800 807060) for members of the public to notify them of fly tipping (and water pollution incidents). The National Fly-Tipping Prevention Group includes a number of national organisations.
Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005 extends the offence of dropping litter on all types of land, including water, which is open to the air and to which the public have access.
Environment Protection Act 1990 (Part III) gives local authorities powers to act against statutory nuisances (prejudicial to health or a nuisance). Local authorities can serve an abatement notice, which can be appealed. Failure to comply with an abatement notice is an offence.
Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003 extends the range of powers available to local authorities for dealing with fly tipping, for instance, by giving them powers to search and seize vehicles suspected of being used for fly tipping and to investigate incidents.
Highways Act 1980 s.149 allows the Highways Authority to serve notice on persons who have deposited items on a highway which constitute a nuisance.
So, no action unless you refuse to move. Then they have to seek powers to move you on. In all cases the Local Authority/Highway agent must call at a reasonable hour to discus your intentions.
What are Motor Vehicles? We must determine here, is the act of sleeping, cooking or eating in a parked motor vehicle CAMPING or PARKING?
Motorhomes are motor vehicles, in the same way as Coaches and HGVs with sleeping provision are Motor Vehicles, not Caravans. The primary legislation governing Motorhomes is that of Motor Vehicles. They should only be treated under that legislation, and not that of caravans.
Car Parks
The Department for Communities and Local Government has recently taken over responsibility for off-street parking on both private and public land from the Department for Transport.
There is currently a consultation underway at
https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/parking-reform-tackling-unfair-practices. Send your comments in by 27 May 2015 11:45pm